SEBA COMPUTER SCIENCE, CLASS 9, CHAPTER-1, EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF COMPUTER

 

1- EVOLUTON AND HISTORY OF COMPUTER

1. Fill in the blanks:

a. Tabulating machine is the semi-automatic device that used instructions stored on a punched card to control the movement of threads.

b. Charles Babbage design the analytical engine.

c. The ENIAC was developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

d. The EDSAC was the first computer based on the concepts of stored program architecture for computers.

e. Joseph Jacquard developed the punch card as a means of controlling the loom.
f. UNIVAC I was one of the first commercially available computers.

g. The first electromechanical computer was developed by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry.

h. The first generation computer were based on Vacuum Tube and Magnetic Drum.

 i. IBM 1401 is an example of  Second Generation Computer.

j. Fourth – generation computer are based on Microprocessors.

2. True or False

a. Abacus is an example of a manual calculating device. True

b. Modern abacus probably originated in the 13^th century in China. False

c. Pascal devised a mechanical loom, which made weaving complex pattern a lot easier. False

d. Pascaline is an example of an mechanical calculating device. False

e. EDSAC was designed by Professor M. Wilkes of Cambridge University, England. True

f. Electronic computer are classified into various generation on the basis of the difference technology. True

g. Second – generation computer are based on Transistors. True

h. IBM 370 series is an example of second-generation computers. False

i. Third-generation computers were characterized by the use of integrated circuits. True

j. An Integrated circuit has several interconnected transistors. True

k. Modern abacus probably originate in the 15^th century in China. True

l. Joseph Jacquard devised a mechanical loom, which made weaving complex patterns a lot easier. True

m. Tabulating machine is a an example of an electromechanical calculating device. True

n. IBM 1401 is an example of second – generation computers. True

3. The correct answer:

a. Pascaline was developed by -Blaise Pascal

b. The analytical engine was designed by -Charles Babbage.

c. Harvard Mark I was -an electromechanical calculating device.

d. A computer developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert was- ENIAC

e. Punched card are associated with the name Jacquard

f. The stored program computer was UNIVAC I

h. Third – generation computer used – integrated Circuits.

i. Fourth- generation computer used- Microprocessors.

Descriptive Type Question

1. Short answer questions:

a. Name any one manual calculating device.

Abacus is a manual calculating device.

b. Who is known as the ‘father of modern computer’?

Charles Babbage is known as the ‘father of the modern computer’.

c. Give one example of an electromechanical calculating device.

Tabulating machine is an example for an electromechanical calculating device.

d. Name the first computer that implemented the idea of John Von  Neumann?

EDSAC is the first computer that implemented the idea of John Von Neumann.

e. Who invented a tabulating machine?

Herman Hollerith an American inventor invented the tabulating machine.

f. Name the first electronic digital computer?

ABC (Atanasoff – Berry Computer) is the first electronic computer.

g. Give the full form of the following-

    i) ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

   ii) EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.

  iii) EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic calculator

  iv) UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer

  v) ABC : Atanasoff – Berry Computer

h. Computer of which generation was based on transistors?

Second- generation computer was based on transistors.

i. Give one example of second-generation computers?

IBM 1401 is an example of second -generation computers.

j. IBM’s PC and Apple’s Macintosh are example of which generation of computers?

IBM’s PC and Apple’s Macintosh are example of fourth- generation computers.

2. Long answer questions:

a. Write a short notes on the following:

i) Abacus: The earliest known device to record computation was abacus. It dated back to ancient time and was invented by Chinese. Ten beads were strung onto wires attached to a frame. Addition and subtraction were read from the final position of the beads. It was the first manual tool used in calculating answer problems that provided information and in a primitive way storing the result.

ii) Jacquard’s Loom: The Jacquard’s loom was invented by Joseph Jacquard in 1801. Jacquard built his loom to automate the process of weaving rugs and clothing. It did this using punch cards that told the machine what pattern to weave. Where there was a hole in the card the machine would weave and where there was no hole the machine would not weave. The process can also be used for patterned knitwear and machine knitted textiles.

b. Write a short note on Napier’s Bones?

Napier’s bones is manually – operated calculating device created by John Napier of Merchiston for calculation of products and quotients of numbers. The complete device usually includes a base board with rim, the user place Napier’s rods inside the rim to conduct multiplication or division. The board left edge is divided into 9 squares, holding the numbers 1 to 9. Each square, except for the top one, comprises two halves divided by a diagonal line. The first square of each rod holds a single digit, and the other squares hold this number’s double, triple, quadruple, and so on until the last square contains nine times the number in the top square. The Napier’s rods consist of strips of wood, metal or heavy cardboard.

c. Name the machine designed by Charles Babbage.

The machines designed by Charles Babbage were difference engine and analytical engine.

d. What is the contribution of John Von Neumann in the field of computes?

In the field of computer John Von Neumann had proposed an idea of ‘stored program architecture’, which was used in EDSAC.

e. Who devised Harvard Mark I? What was it used for?

Harvard Mark I was devised by an American computer engineer Howard H. Aiken.

It was used for creating ballistic charts for the US Navy.

f. What are the characteristic feature of the third-generation computers?

The main features of the third-generation computers were that they; used Integrated Circuits, or microchips reliable in comparison to previous two generations, smaller in size, generated less heat, faster in terms of speed, lesser maintenance, still costly, it is the first generation computer to our operating system that can run multiple program at a time.

g. What are the basic differences between the four generations of computers? Give two examples of the first- generation computers?

The different between the four generation computes was that.

i) First generation computers were based on Vacuum tubes and Magnetic drums.

ii) Second- generation computers were based on Transistor.

iii) Third generation computer were based on integrated circuit.

iv) Fourth- generation computer were based on microprocessors.

v) Fifth- generation computers are based on artificial intelligence.

The examples of the first generation computers were Antanasoff- Berry Computer(ABC) and Z3.

h. What are super computers?

A super computer is the fastest, most powerful and most expensive computers which is used for complex task that required a lot of computational power. Super computers have multiple processor which process multiple instruction at the same time. This is known as parallel processing. These computers are widely used in very advance application like weather forecasting, processing geological data etc.

i. What is artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machine, especially computer systems. These process include learning, reasoning and self correction. Particular application of artificial intelligence include expert system, speech recognition and machine vision.

Click To Top
Click The Yes Button To Like This Page