Introduction to Computer Networks – Class 10 Computer Science SEBA | Notes, Explanation & Questions

Computer Guide Team
January 31, 2026

Class 10 Computer Science
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computer Networks

Complete Notes, Explanations & Exercise Solutions




📘 Introduction

troduction to Computer Networks – Class 10 Computer Science SEBA

In the modern digital world, communication between computers is essential for sharing information and resources. Computer networks make this possible by connecting computers and devices together so they can exchange data, share files, printers, and internet access.

This chapter introduces students to the concept of computer networks, their types, addressing methods, networking devices, communication protocols, and basic networking commands used for troubleshooting networks. Understanding these topics builds a strong foundation for further learning in networking and internet technologies.

📚 Chapter Syllabus Overview

  • Meaning and types of computer networks
  • Addressing methods in networks
  • Network devices and their functions
  • Communication protocols
  • Basic networking commands

1. Computer NetworkTypes of computer networks PAN LAN MAN WAN Class 10

A computer network is a collection of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources. These resources include data files, printers, software, and internet connectivity. Networks may use wired connections such as twisted pair cables or optical fiber, or wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

Types of Computer Networks

Networks are classified mainly according to the geographical area they cover:

  • PAN (Personal Area Network): Used for personal devices within a short range, such as connecting a phone to a laptop.
  • LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area like schools, offices, or buildings.
  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Connects multiple LAN networks across a city.
  • WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large geographical areas. The Internet is the best example.

2. Address in Computer Network

IP address and MAC address format Class 10

Every device connected to a network must have an address so that data can reach the correct destination. There are three common ways to identify devices in a network.

Hostname

A hostname is the name given to a computer. Since users can change it manually, two computers may sometimes have the same hostname, making it unreliable as a unique identifier.

IP Address

An IP address uniquely identifies devices in a network. IPv4 addresses use 32 bits, while IPv6 addresses use 128 bits. IP addresses may be assigned manually or automatically using a DHCP server.

MAC Address

A MAC address is permanently assigned to network hardware by manufacturers and remains unique worldwide. Therefore, it is considered a reliable identifier.

3. Network Devices

Network devices hub switch router access point
Various hardware devices help establish and manage networks. A Network Interface Card (NIC) allows computers to connect to networks. A hub transmits data to all devices, while a switch intelligently forwards data only to the correct device. A router connects different networks together, and an access point allows wireless devices to connect to networks.

4. Communication Protocols

Protocols are rules that control how computers communicate. Important protocols include:

  • TCP – Breaks data into packets and reassembles them.
  • IP – Handles addressing and routing.
  • POP – Receives emails.
  • SMTP – Sends emails.
  • HTTP – Transfers web pages.
  • HTTPS – Transfers encrypted secure data.
  • FTP – Transfers files between computers.

5. Basic Networking Commands

Some command-line tools help diagnose network problems.

  • ping verifies connectivity between computers.
  • ipconfig displays network configuration details.
  • hostname shows the computer name.
  • arp displays mapping between IP and MAC addresses.

⭐ Exam Oriented Key Points

  • Know differences between PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN.
  • Understand IP and MAC address differences.
  • Router connects networks; switch connects devices.
  • HTTPS provides secure encrypted communication.
  • Learn functions of networking commands.

📝 Exercise Solutions

I. Fill in the Blanks

  1. The hostname command is used to display computer name.
  2. The length of IPv4 and IPv6 is 4 bytes and 16 bytes respectively.
  3. An access point is used to connect wireless devices.
  4. The ping command is used to verify connectivity.
  5. HTTPS transfer encrypted data.

II. Multiple Choice Questions

  1. Which device is required to connect multiple heterogeneous networks?
    Answer: Router
  2. Which is the largest type of computer network?
    Answer: WAN
  3. Which protocol transfers encrypted data instead of plain data?
    Answer: HTTPS
  4. How many bytes are reserved for OUI in a MAC address?
    Answer: 3 Bytes
  5. IP address can be automatically assigned if the network is connected with?
    Answer: DHCP Server

III. Short Answer Questions

1. Components required to set up a MAN network:
A MAN network connects multiple LAN networks using switches, routers, optical fiber cables, and internet service providers.

2. Why hostname should not be used as identifier?
Hostnames can be changed or duplicated, so they are not always unique.

3. Examples of IPv4 addresses:
Valid: 192.168.1.1, 10.0.0.1, 8.8.8.8, 172.16.0.1, 127.0.0.1
Invalid: 256.1.1.1, 192.168.1, 1.1.1.999, 500.2.3.4, abc.def.gha.bcd

4. Comparison between HTTP and FTP:
HTTP transfers web pages, while FTP transfers files between computers.

5. Switch requirement for 31 computers:
Two 16-port switches are needed to connect all computers.

📌 Chapter Summary

This chapter explained the fundamentals of networking, including network types, addressing systems, network devices, protocols, and commands used for diagnosis. These concepts form the foundation for further studies in networking and internet usage.

🎯 Practice Tips for Students

  • Revise differences between network types.
  • Practice networking commands in computer lab.
  • Memorize protocol purposes.
  • Draw diagrams for better understanding.
  • Solve exercises regularly before exams.

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