SEBA Class 10 Computer Science Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computer Network Notes PDF
1.1 Introduction to Computer Network
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources with each other. Through a computer network, users can share files, printers, internet connections, and other resources.
Computer networks use wired or wireless communication technologies such as LAN cable, Optical Fiber Cable, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and more.
1.2 Types of Computer Network
1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a small network used within a limited area, usually around one person. Devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and printers can be connected using PAN.
Features of PAN
- Covers a small area
- Used for personal devices
- Easy to set up
- Uses Bluetooth or USB connections
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
A Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers within a small area such as a school, office, building, or laboratory.
Features of LAN
- High speed network
- Limited geographical area
- Easy resource sharing
- Commonly used in schools and offices
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers a larger area than LAN and usually connects multiple LANs within a city or town.
Features of MAN
- Covers a city or large area
- Connects multiple LANs
- Provides high-speed communication
4. Wide Area Network (WAN)
A Wide Area Network (WAN) connects computers over very large geographical areas across countries and continents.
Features of WAN
- Largest type of network
- Worldwide communication
- Internet is an example of WAN
1.3 Difference Between PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN
| Network | Coverage Area | Speed |
|---|---|---|
| PAN | Very Small | Very High |
| LAN | Building or Office | High |
| MAN | City | Medium |
| WAN | Worldwide | Lower than LAN |
1.4 Address in Computer Networks
Every computer connected to a network must have a unique identity called a network address.
Hostname
Hostname is the name assigned to a computer in a network.
IP Address
An IP Address is a numerical address used to identify a device in a network.
Types of IP Address
- IPv4
- IPv6
Example of IPv4 Address:
172.16.254.2
MAC Address
MAC Address is a unique hardware address assigned to a Network Interface Card (NIC).
1.5 Network Devices
1. Network Interface Card (NIC)
NIC is a hardware device used to connect a computer to a network.
2. Hub
A Hub connects multiple computers in a network and sends data to all connected devices.
3. Switch
A Switch is an intelligent network device that sends data only to the destination device.
4. Router
A Router connects different computer networks together.
5. Access Point
An Access Point creates a wireless network and allows devices to connect wirelessly.
1.6 Communication Protocols
Communication protocols are a set of rules that help computers communicate with each other properly.
1. TCP
TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. It helps in reliable data transmission.
2. IP
IP stands for Internet Protocol. It handles addressing and routing of data packets.
3. POP and SMTP
POP is used for receiving emails and SMTP is used for sending emails.
4. HTTP and HTTPS
HTTP is used for loading web pages, while HTTPS provides secure encrypted communication.
5. FTP
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol used for transferring files over a network.
1.7 Basic Networking Commands
1. ping
The ping command checks connectivity between two computers in a network.
2. ipconfig
The ipconfig command displays network configuration details such as IP address.
3. hostname
The hostname command displays the computer name.
4. arp
The arp command displays mapping between IP address and MAC address.
Advantages of Computer Network
- Easy resource sharing
- Fast communication
- Internet sharing
- File transfer between computers
- Reduced cost
Limitations of Computer Network
- Security risks
- Virus spreading
- Network failure affects all devices
- Requires maintenance
Important Keywords
| Keyword | Meaning |
|---|---|
| PAN | Personal Area Network |
| LAN | Local Area Network |
| MAN | Metropolitan Area Network |
| WAN | Wide Area Network |
| NIC | Network Interface Card |
| IP Address | Numerical address of a computer |
| MAC Address | Hardware address of a device |
| Protocol | Rules for communication |
Summary
In this chapter, we learned about computer networks, types of networks such as PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN, network addresses, network devices, communication protocols, and basic networking commands. Computer networks help users communicate and share resources efficiently.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is a computer network?
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that can communicate and share resources.
2. Which is the largest type of network?
WAN is the largest type of computer network.
3. What is the full form of LAN?
LAN stands for Local Area Network.
4. What is an IP Address?
An IP Address is a numerical address used to identify a computer in a network.
5. What is the use of Router?
A Router is used to connect different computer networks.
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End of Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computer Network
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