CHAPTER -1
BASICS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS.
a. Which of the following is not an output device?
Mouse
b. Which one of the following is the “brain” of the computer?
CPU
c. A collection of eight bits is called
Byte
d. Second generation computer were manufactured using which technology?
Transistors
e. Storage of 1KB means the following number of bytes:
1024
f. Which of the following is not hardware?
Assembler
g. Fourth generation computer used.
Microprocessors
h. Which one of the following is a special-purpose application software?
Payroll system
i. The base of Octal Number System is
8
j. Who is known as the father of the modern computer?
Charles Babbage
2. Fill in the blanks:
a. The first-generation computer used magnetic
drums for storage.
b. The third-generation computers replaced transistors
with integrated circuit.
c. Resisters are high speed
temporary storage area.
d. Bit is the short form of binary
digit.
e. A group of four bit is called nibble.
f. Memory holds data, programs and
instructions for computer.
g. A microphone is input device.
h. A program is set of
instructions to perform a specific task.
i. Antiviruses software are used
to scan the computers for viruses.
j. The decimal system is composed of ten
digits.
k. Atonasoff Berry Computer
was the first fully electronic general-purpose computer.
l. UNIVAC-I was one of the first
commercially available computers.
m. An assembler converts the
program written in assembly language into machine language.
n. Processing take place in the CPU.
o. The ALU performs the arithmetic
and logical operations.
p. RAM is volatile memory.
q. ROM stores basic input/output
instructions to operate the computer.
r. EPROM memory is an electronic
non-volatile storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
s. Data and instructions are given to the computer through its input device.
t. Raw data is processed by the computer to produced output.
u. Result are obtained from the computer through its output device.
v. 1 MB = 1024 KB.
w. RAM is an example of primary
memory.
x. The octal number system uses the digits from 0 to 7
y. A computer system comprise of both hardware
and software.
z. Software represents the set of
programs that directs the computer how to work.
3. STATE TRUE OR FALSE.
a. Another name for internal memory is primary memory. TRUE
b. A hard disk can store less data than CD. FALSE
c. Software represent to the physical components of a computer. FALSE
d. A projector is input device. FALSE
e. Interpreter is an utility software. TRUE
f. The first-generation computers used transistor. FALSE
g. Atanasoff Berry Computer was the first electronic computers. TRUE
h. IBM 604 is an example of second-generation computers. TRUE
i. UNIVAC I was one of the first commercially available computers. TRUE
j. ROM is volatile. FALSE
k. A group of eight bits is called nibble. FALSE
l. Computer does not understand any language other than machine
language. TRUE
m. Pen drives use flash memory to store data. TRUE
n. The monitor is a soft copy output device. TRUE
o. A compiler translates a program written in machine language into a
program written level language. FALSE
p. Bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer. TRUE
4. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
a. Who is known as the father
of the modern computer?
Charles Babbage
b. What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that performs a function based on a given set of instructions called a program.
c. Name a popular pointing
device.
Mouse is a popular pointing device.
d. Who invented Jacquard’s
loom?
Joseph Jacquard invented Jacquard’s loom.
e. Give the full form of ENIAC
and EDVAC.
f. Give two examples of
second-generation computers.
IBM604 and IBM1401 are the two examples of second-generation computers.
g. What is AI?
AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and methods of making computers think like human beings.
h. Give two examples of
secondary memories.
Hard disk, Pen drive, CDs, DVDs, etc.
i. What does the CPU do?
The CPU is a hardware that enables our computer to interact with all the application and program installed and also it is responsible for handling the processing of logical and mathematical operation and executing programs.
j. Why we used secondary
memory?
We use secondary memory to stores large amount of data in computer.
k. Give two examples of
pointing devices?
Mouse, Keyboard, scanner, Joystick etc. are two examples of pointing devices.
l. Which input device is used
to record sound.
Microphone
m. What is the used of barcode
reader?
A barcode reader is an optical scanner which is used to read information contained in a bar code.
n. What is system software?
Give two examples.
System
software is a set of programs designed to provide a platform for other
software. Example – LINUX, WINDOWS, MACOS, UNIX, etc.
OR
System software is a set of programs designed to operate hardware and control the internal operations of a computer. Example – LINUX, WINDOWS, MACOS, UNIX, etc.
o. What is the role of CU?
The role of control unit is to regulates and integrates the operation of all the other components of the computer system.
p. What is the function of
ALU?
ALU is a part of the CPU where various computing functions are performed on data. It perform all arithmetic operation such as addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and logical operations.
q. What do you understand by
memory word?
Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain and later retrieve information.
r. What is the function of
compiler?
The function of compiler is to translates a programming language’s source code into machine code or another programing language.
s. What is the main limitation
of a computer?
The main limitation of a computer is that it doesn’t have its own IQ.
t. Mention three main feature
of a computer.
Three
main features of a computer are:
i. Speed: it
can carry out millions of instructions per second.
ii. Accuracy: it
can work at a very high speed without losing accuracy.
iii. Diligence: it does not get tired of performing repetitive task.
u. What is a computer program?
A
computer program is a set of programs that direct the computer how to work.
OR
( u can also write the below answer)
A Computer program is a series of instructions that tell the computer to perform an action.
v. What are the fundamental
components of a computer systems?
The
fundamental components of computer system are:
i.
Accepting data or instruction
ii.
Processing data or storing data.
iii.
Displaying result.
iv. Controlling and coordinating all operations inside a compute.
w. What is application
software?
Application software is a set of programs developed to carry out complete operation for specific purpose.
x. Mention various categories
of application software.
Application
software can be further divided into two categories:
i.
General-Purpose Application Software (Packages)
ii. Specific- Purpose Application Software
y. What do you understand by
computer memory?
Computer
memory is the storage space in the computer, where data is to be processed and
instructions required for processing are stored.
Long Answer questions:
a. Mention four feature of a
computer system.
Four
features of computer system are:
1. Speed:
computer can carry millions of instructions per
second
2. Accuracy:
Computer work at a very high speed without losing
accuracy.
3. Diligence:
Unlike humans, computers do not get tired of
performing repetitive task.
4. Storage
capacity: Computer
have the ability to store data and programs.
b. Mention the characteristics
feature of third generation computer.
The
third-generation computer replaced transistors with Integrated Circuits (IC),
known as chips, the integrated chip drastically increased the speed and efficiency
of computers. The third-generation computers were more powerful, more reliable
relatively less expensive and faster.
c. What do you understand by
generation of computers? Mention two disadvantages of first- generation
computers.
Generation
of computer refers to the different advancements of new computer technology.
Generation of computer is often used in relation to the hardware of computers.
With each new generation of computer, the circuitry becomes smaller and more
advance than that used in the previous generation.
Two
disadvantages of first-generation computer are:
1.
Computer were limited to solving one problem at a time.
2.
Computer were slow and bulky.
d. Describe the function of
CPU.
CPU
is the most important part of a computer system as it is the brain of the
computer system. It manipulates the coded information that represents input
according to a program and converts them into coded information that represents
the desire results. It is also responsible for activating and controlling the
operations of other unit of a computer system.
The
CPU is consisting of three basic components:
1.
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
2.
CU (Control Unit)
3.
Registers
e. Draw a block diagram of a
computer system.
f. What are the categories of
printer? Explain.
Printer
can be divided into two distinct categories:
1. Impact
printer: In
these printers, there is a physical contact between the print head and paper. Impact
printers are subdivided into line printers and character printers.
Line printer:
prints one line of text at a time. Examples of
line printer are- drum and chain printer.
Character printer:
prints one character of text at a time. Examples of
character printer are- Dot Matrix printer and Chain printer.
2. Non-
Impact Printer: In these printers, there is
no physical contact between the print head and paper. Non-Impact printer are
faster than impact printer. The main types of non-impact printer are inkjet
printer, thermal printer, electromagnetic printer, and laser printer
g. What is bus? Explain three
types of buses.
Buses
are electrical wires which connects the various components and transfer data
between them. There are three main buses. These are:
Data bus:
It carries data from the memory to the CPU and the
CPU to the memory.
Address
bus: It
carries address from the CPU to the memory.
Control
bus: It
Carries instruction between the CPU and other parts of the computer.
h. What are functions of
primary storage area?
The
function of primary storage areas are:
1.
It hold input data and instructions.
2.
It holds data that is beings processed and the processing instructions.
3.
It holds intermediate result of processing.
4.
It holds final result of processing.
i. Explain three types of ROM.
Three types of ROM are:
PROM
is read-only memory that can be programmed to
store information only once by a user. It is not erasable.
EPROM:
can be reprogrammed to record different
information. The recorded information can be erased by exposing it ultra-violet
light.
EEPROM:
can be programed and erased electrically.
j. What is a purpose of a
language processor? Explain the three language processors.
Language
processor are system software that translate programs written in assembly level
language or high-level language into its equivalent machine language program.
Assembler, compiler and interpreter are language processors.
k. Differentiate between data
and information.
The
difference between data and information is that:
Data
are simple text and numbers, while information is processed and interpreted
data. Whereas,
Information
refers to facts concerning a particular event or subject, which are refined by
processing.
l. Write a short note on
fifth-generation computers.
The
fifth-generation computer system was an initiative by Japan’s Ministry of
International Trade and Industry, began in 1982. Fifth-generation computer
based on the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is an emerging branch
in computer science, which interprets the means and methods of making computers
think like human being.
Fifth-generation
computer are still in developed, through there are some applications, such as
voice recognition, programs that could translate documents from one language to
another.
m. What are basic differences
between the four generation of computer?
The
basic differences between the four generation computers are:
First
generation computers are based on vacuum tube and used machine language.
Second
generation computers are based on transistors and used assembly language.
Third
generation computer are based on integrated circuit and used high level
languages. They are first computers to use operating system.
Fourth
generation computers are based on microprocessor and used advanced high-level
language. The size of computer become smaller and cheaper.
n. Write a short note on MARK
I.
In
1943, America Computer Engineer devised the first electromechanical computer
named Mark-I. it was able to multiply two-digit numbers in 5 seconds. Mark-I
was the first machine which could perform to preprogrammed instruction automatically.
It was the first operational general-purpose computer.
o. Explain the two main types
of secondary memory.
There
are various types of secondary storage devices. These storage media can be broadly
divided into two categories: magnetic and optical media. Magnetic media is
coated with a magnetic layer. In optical media information is stored and read
by laser beam.
p. Describe various types of magnetic
media.
Various
types of magnetic media are:
Floppy
disks: a
floppy disk is a flexible disk with a magnetic coating on it.
Hard
disk: A
hard disk is a basically a set of disks known as platters, each with its own
read/write head. Data is recorded on the surface
of the disk magnetically.
Magnetic tapes:
It van hold a large amount of data. It is available
in the form of cassettes, reels, and cartridges.
q. Mention some areas where
computers are used widely.
Some
areas where computers are used are:
Education:
Computer are used in education sector for taking
online classes, online examinations, referring e-book, online tutoring etc.
Home: Computer
are used at homes for several purposes like watching movies, online bill
payment, home tutoring, playing games, internet access, social media access,
etc.
Business:
Almost every business uses computer nowadays. Computers
are used for maintaining staff records, transaction processing, sales forecasting,
production planning, create presentation and
report, etc.
Government:
Various government department use computers to improve
the quality and efficiency of their services.
r. What are the major
operations performed by a computer?
A
computer basically performs five major operations:
1.
Accepting data or instructions
2.
Processing data
3.
Storing data
4.
Displaying results
5.
Controlling and coordinating all operations inside a computer
s. Differentiate between the following
pairs:
I. Input Unit and Output Unit
Input device: These
components help the users to enter data and commands into a computer system. Examples
of input devices are Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone etc.
Output device:
These devices are needed to get output from the
computer. Example of input devices are monitor, printer, projector, etc.
II. RAM and ROM
RAM
hold data, programs and instructions for computer. The CPU can access data directly
from RAM almost immediately. The contents of RAM can be accessed randomly.
i.e., in any order.
ROM:
In ROM, information once stored remains fixed i.e., it cannot be changed. So,
ROM can only be read and used. The contents of ROM are written by the
manufacturer and come along with the computer. ROM stores basic input/output
instructions to operate the computer.
III. Soft copy and Hard copy
Soft copy:
The output produced on a VDU is called
soft copy.
Hard copy:
The output produced on a paper is called the hard copy.
IV. Primary memory and Secondary
memory.
Since
the computer’s primary memory is temporary, secondary memory devices are used
to store data and programs permanently for later use. The secondary memory is
non-volatile. Primary memory has a limited storage capacity. So secondary
memory devices are used to store large amount of data.
V. Impact-Printer and Non-impact
printer
In
these printers, there is a physical contact between the print head and paper
while in non-impact printers, there is no physical contact between the print
head and paper.
VI. Assembler and Compiler
An
assembler converts the program written in assembly language into machine
language while a compiler and an interpreter convert the program written in high
level language into machine language.
VII. Hardware and Software
Hardware
represents to physical components of a computer system. These components can be
seen and touched. Input devices, output devices, CPU, memory devices etc are
example of hardware. While,
Software
represents the set of programs that directs the computer how to work. For example,
Microsoft Office, Windows OS, etc.
VIII. System Software and Application
Software
System
software is a set of programs designed to operate hardware and control the
internal operation of a computer. System software provides a platform for
running application software. Whereas, Application software is a set of programs
developed to carry out complete operations for a specific purpose. These are
the program written by the programmers to performs a specific task.
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