Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 2 - Operating System (SEBA Notes & Exercises)
Operating System – Class 9 Computer Science (SEBA)
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Introduction
A computer system cannot work efficiently without proper control and coordination of its hardware and software resources. This responsibility is handled by a special type of system software known as an Operating System.
This chapter explains what an operating system is, why it is required, its functions, types, and examples. Understanding this chapter is very important for examinations and for using computers confidently in real life.
Syllabus Overview (Chapter 2)
- What is an operating system
- Need for an operating system
- Functions of an operating system
- Types of operating systems
- Examples of operating systems
1. Operating System
What is an Operating System?
An Operating System (OS) is a system software that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware. It controls and manages all the resources of a computer system and enables the user to interact with the computer.
Without an operating system, a computer cannot perform any useful task.
2. Need for an Operating System
An operating system is required to manage the complex operations of a computer system and to make the system easy to use.
Why OS is Necessary
- Controls and coordinates hardware components
- Provides a user-friendly interface
- Manages memory and processor efficiently
- Ensures proper execution of programs
- Provides security to data and system
3. Functions of an Operating System
3.1 Process Management
The operating system manages the execution of multiple programs at the same time. It decides which process should run and for how long.
3.2 Memory Management
The operating system manages primary memory (RAM) by allocating and deallocating memory to programs as required.
3.3 File Management
The operating system organizes data in the form of files and folders. It allows users to create, delete, copy, and move files easily.
3.4 Device Management
The operating system controls input and output devices such as keyboard, mouse, printer, and monitor using device drivers.
3.5 Security Management
The operating system protects data and programs by providing security features such as user authentication and access control.
4. Types of Operating System
4.1 Single User Operating System
A single user operating system allows only one user to use the computer at a time.
Example: MS-DOS
4.2 Multi User Operating System
A multi user operating system allows multiple users to access the computer system at the same time.
Example: UNIX
4.3 Batch Operating System
In a batch operating system, similar jobs are grouped together and executed one after another without user interaction.
4.4 Time Sharing Operating System
A time sharing operating system allows multiple users to share system resources by giving each user a small time slice.
Example: Linux
4.5 Real Time Operating System
A real time operating system responds to input immediately and is used in critical systems.
Examples: Air traffic control, medical equipment
5. Examples of Operating Systems
- Windows
- Linux
- UNIX
- MS-DOS
- Android
Exam-Oriented Key Points
- Operating system is system software
- OS acts as an interface between user and hardware
- Memory management is a key function of OS
- Real time OS is used where instant response is required
Exercises – Chapter 2 (Operating System)
I. Fill in the Blanks
- An operating system is a type of system software.
- The OS manages both hardware and software resources.
- Windows is an example of a multi user operating system.
- Memory management is performed by the operating system.
- Real time operating system gives immediate response.
II. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
-
Which software acts as an interface between user and hardware?
A) Application software
B) Utility software
C) Operating system
D) Compiler
Answer: C) Operating system -
Which operating system allows multiple users at the same time?
A) Single user OS
B) Batch OS
C) Multi user OS
D) Standalone OS
Answer: C) Multi user OS -
Which OS is used in air traffic control systems?
A) Batch OS
B) Real time OS
C) Single user OS
D) Mobile OS
Answer: B) Real time OS
III. Short Answer Questions
-
What is an operating system?
An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides an interface to the user. -
Mention any two functions of an operating system.
Memory management and file management. -
Give two examples of operating systems.
Windows and Linux.
Summary
This chapter explained the concept of operating systems, their need, major functions, types, and examples. The operating system is the backbone of any computer system and is essential for smooth and efficient functioning.
Practice Tip for Students
Remember definitions clearly and focus on functions and types of operating systems. Practice MCQs and short answers regularly for exams.
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